Citrinin

Citrinin is a mycotoxin, a toxic compound produced by certain types of fungi, particularly Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus terreus. It is commonly found in grains, such as rice and barley, as well as in fermented foods, such as cheese and sausages.

Citrinin is considered a potential human carcinogen and has been linked to kidney damage and other health effects. The toxic effects of citrinin are thought to be due to its ability to cause oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cellular damage and cell death.

To reduce the risk of exposure to citrinin, it is recommended to avoid consuming moldy or contaminated food products. Proper storage and handling of food products can also help to prevent fungal growth and mycotoxin production. Testing for citrinin levels in food products is also performed by regulatory agencies to ensure safety for human consumption.

In addition to the potential health risks to humans, citrinin can also have a negative impact on animal health and productivity. Therefore, it is important to monitor and control citrinin levels in animal feed as well.