Patulin

Patulin is a mycotoxin, a toxic compound produced by certain types of fungi, particularly Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus clavatus. It is commonly found in apples, pears, and other fruits, as well as in fruit juices and products made from these fruits.

Patulin is considered a potential human carcinogen and has been linked to gastrointestinal irritation, immune system suppression, and other health effects. The toxic effects of patulin are thought to be due to its ability to cause oxidative stress and damage to DNA and cellular structures.

To reduce the risk of exposure to patulin, it is recommended to avoid consuming moldy or contaminated fruits and fruit products. Proper storage and handling of fruits can also help to prevent fungal growth and mycotoxin production. Testing for patulin levels in fruit products is also performed by regulatory agencies to ensure safety for human consumption.

In addition to the potential health risks to humans, patulin can also have a negative impact on animal health and productivity. Therefore, it is important to monitor and control patulin levels in animal feed as well.